2. Flow chart presentation

The process presented corresponds to the world's best-selling sauce, ketchup, which is a cold, non-emulsified sauce whose manufacture is divided into two industries:

• the first processing is carried out where the tomatoes are grown, and gives rise to a PAI (intermediate food product), tomato concentrate (concentration factor of 6), the dry matter of which is adjusted for the manufacture of ketchup;

• the second transformation uses this tomato concentrate as the main ingredient in the formulation, to make a sauce by adding other ingredients, in particular spices and herbs that will personalize the product and remain confidential (figure 2 ).