2. Basic concepts and mechanisms
In this section, we recall a few definitions and laws of behavior concerning membranes. For a more in-depth theoretical review, consult the general literature in .
2.1 Definitions
Permeate: fluid flowing downstream of the membrane.
Retentate: fluid retained by the membrane.
Asymmetrical membranes: membranes composed of a thin layer (skin) for selectivity and a thicker support for mechanical strength (composite membranes, heterogeneous membranes). Symmetrical membranes do not have this characteristic.
Composite membrane: membrane composed of several layers of different materials.
Dense membrane: non-porous membrane (reverse osmosis, electrodialysis,...
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Basic concepts and mechanisms
Porous membrane separations
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