3. Sugar extraction

3.1 Selecting the extraction method

The sugar beet from which sugar is extracted is composed of a multitude of cells (Figure 5 a) consisting of:

• a cell wall (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic substances: pectic acid, protopectin, pectinates, pectates, etc.);

• an ectoplasm (a semipermeable membrane that allows almost nothing through except water, unlike the cell wall, which is completely permeable);

• a cytoplasm (a highly complex protein substance, similar to egg white);

• a nucleus that plays an important...