4. Conclusion and outlook

There won't be just one building of the future, but many. Building 4.0 is one of them. This digital building will be frugal, architecturally sober, (at least) energy self-sufficient, serviced, healthy and multi-comfort.

In our view, the buildings of the future will have four main characteristics: they will be virtuous and efficient, communicative, scalable and environmentally virtuous.

Building 4.0 has a promising future if it meets a demand from society. Until now, we've approached the issue through supply and regulatory constraints. We need to start from people's wishes and desire to live differently.

Building 4.0 is not going to become widespread overnight via regulation. If we want to develop this concept, we need to plan for intermediate stages and proceed in stages. We'll also need to educate and support the...