4. Use of transport modes

A single metropolis like Nice has 6,000 km of roadways, while France's urban rail network is 1,000 km long. The investment required for 8 km of metro or tramway is of the same order as that for 300 km of freeway or 2 × 2 expressway.

The top 10 central municipalities (from Paris to Grenoble) account for less than 10% of the population and mobility, and 20% including the inner suburbs. French decision-making centers are not representative of mobility. Suburbs are in the majority, and increasing urbanization is not synonymous with a decline in car use.

According to the national transport and travel survey (ENTD), 86% of road transport is associated with economic activity, and therefore difficult to compress.

According to the July 2015 transport accounts and SOES, from 1990 to 2014, road traffic increased by 1.3% per...