5. Communications system

5.1 Access technologies

As a result of the recent emergence of different standards for wireless technologies with different characteristics, mobile networks have become heterogeneous, integrating technologies such as cellular access (3G, 4G/LTE – Long Term Evolution –, 5G) or local networks (Wireless Local Area Network or WLAN), IEEE 802.11 ). Connectivity to the network core, on the other hand, is usually based on Ethernet or point-to-point connections, carried by copper- or fiber-based wire links. To meet the low-latency, high-mobility requirements of SR applications, an evolution of the 802.11 standard, 802.11p, configured in Europe as ITS-G5, has been developed. More recently, mobile operators have grasped...