4. Mapping Smart Grid players

This section identifies the players in the field at French level. It includes French players and international players with influence at national level.

The particularity of Smart Grids is that they are a highly cross-disciplinary concept, calling on a wide range of professions and technologies. This cross-disciplinary approach comes at a time when the organization of the electricity sector is breaking down into businesses, each seeking its own business model.

A few years ago, or even decades ago in some countries, the electricity sector was organized around vertically integrated companies, from production to retailing. They ensured optimization of the entire chain.

Today, with the opening up of the electricity market to competition, this value chain is divided between different links, involving new players. In addition,...