3. Sampling and analysis

Dioxin analyses are carried out on a wide range of samples. Generally speaking, the concentrations to be measured are extremely low, and in complex matrices where numerous constituents are likely to interfere. Multi-step protocols are therefore required, and will differ according to the nature of the sample .

For sampling in industrial chimney-type ducts (isokinetic sampling) or directly in ambient air (long sampling with high flow rates),...