3. Conclusion

The dynamics of competitiveness linked to the effects of size and specialization have been a powerful factor in the concentration of companies, and even the specialization of entire territories, with countries able to develop competitive sectors of excellence around certain specialties. The internationalization of trade has stimulated this concentration and specialization and served as a growth driver, with the gradual integration of new territories and countries into world trade. Perhaps the most notable development over the last 40 years has been the emergence of China, which has taken its place alongside the United States and Europe as a key player in the competitive game, both in terms of industrial production and the size of its domestic market, which now carries considerable political weight.

This development of trade has helped to build a productive world...