1. Growth, innovation and obsolescence

1.1 Obsolescence risks linked to innovation

Growth has accelerated since the end of the 18th century, driven by successive waves of innovation that have led to major social and economic changes.

According to François Perroux, growth is "the sustained increase over one or more long periods of a dimensional indicator; for a nation, the net global product in real terms" . It was from the end of the 18th century in England that the growth rate took off in a significant way, unprecedented in the...