2. Uses common to all industries: water as a thermal fluid

In this section, only the quantitative and qualitative water requirements for boilers and cooling circuits will be discussed. Readers wishing to understand the difficulties that may be encountered in this type of circuit, which are mainly due to the concentration of various water compounds (salts, organic matter, gases, suspended solids) that lead to scaling, corrosion and biological contamination, should refer to the chapter entitled "Study of problems resulting from intensive water use" [G1160] . We will therefore only touch on the main points here.