5. Make-up water treatment and boiler water conditioning
5.1 External treatments or pre-treatments
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Softening
Softening consists in replacing the alkaline-earth cations (calcium and magnesium) with the sodium cation. This replacement eliminates the risk of carbonate scale precipitation, as sodium carbonate is soluble, unlike calcium carbonate. This operation is carried out by passing the water through a strong cation exchange resin, regenerated in sodium form.
The water produced has a residual total hardness (TH) of less than 0.5 °f.
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Make-up water treatment and boiler water conditioning
Choice of treatment
Bibliography
- (1) - Kurinpower A 6060 - http://www.kurita.eu
- (2) - - http://www.babcock-wanson.fr/chaudieres ...
Regulations
Anses http://www.anses.fr
Afssa – Referral no. 2002-SA-0317
Afssa – Referral no. 2004-SA-0008 and related referral no. 2002-SA-0317
Afssa – Referral no. 2006-SA-0196
Patents
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US514176 A patent, August 25, 1992
Method for mitigation of caustic corrosion in coordinated phosphate: pH treatment programs for boilers
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US patent 5747342 A, May 5, 1998
Methods and apparatus for monitoring and controling pH phosphate and sodium ratio in boiler system operating with captive alkalinity
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Directory
Manufacturers – Suppliers – Distributors (non-exhaustive list)
http://www.babcock-wanson.fr / boilers
BW-E Manage and MAE BW 720
http://www.spiraxsarco.com / steam traps
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