4. Environmental aspects

The environmental aspects of black kraft liquor-based materials have been analyzed over the last ten years, notably through life cycle assessment (LCA). . The LCA of black liquor-based polyHIPE materials, as described in the protocols used to date, has demonstrated their advantages. The fact that black liquor is a waste product, and one derived from biomass, makes black liquor-based materials environmentally friendly. Furthermore, this LCA demonstrated that the choice...