2. Phytoextraction: an opportunity for catalytic green chemistry

Phytoremediation is the use of living green plants to reduce, eliminate or contain in situ pollutants in soil, water, sediment or air. Several processes are possible:

• phytoextraction: pollutants are extracted by plants and stored in their tissues (leaves or roots);

• phytostabilization: this consists in covering soils with plant species capable of immobilizing pollution;

• phytostimulation: root exudates encourage the development of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) capable of biodegrading pollutants;

• phytodecomposition: pollutants are transformed into less toxic compounds;

• phytovolatilization: volatile pollutants are eliminated by evapotranspiration;

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