Conclusion

Level 1 pipeworks calculations - thermal and fatigue gradients

Figure 2 - Primary circuit tank (©EDF)

Figure 3 - Main components of the primary circuit (©EDF)

Figure 5 - Piping subjected to a bending moment: distribution of longitudinal stresses over the cross-section of the casing

Figure 6 - Breakdown of longitudinal stresses in the wall thickness into membrane stress (mean value) and bending stress (linear variation).

Figure 9 - Stresses generated by internal pressure

Figure 10 - Background effects associated with pressure

Figure 11 - Temporal forces in bends generated by a water hammer

Figure 12 - Mixing zone conducive to stratification

Figure 13 - Pipe section marker (u, v)

Figure 16 - Elbow with radius R

Figure 17 - Butt-welded forged tee

Figure 18 - Elbow subjected to a force of 10 kN

Figure 19 - Modeling a small quill

Figure 20 - Piquage subjected to a force of 10 kN

Figure 21 - Thermal gradient linearization

Figure 22 - Thermal shock to piping (temperature as a function of time)

Figure 23 - N &#43; 1 dimensional matrix

Figure 24 - Temperature in the pipe at time 13.5 s through thickness – t/2 ≤ x ≤ t/2

Figure 25 - Pipe temperature at initial time, taking into account natural convection (air)

Figure 26 - Pipe temperature at time 13.5 s through thickness – t/2 ≤ x ≤ t/2, taking into account natural convection (air)

Figure 29 - Diagram of cyclic loading

Figure 30 - Recovering permissible numbers of cycles from alternating stress variations (using the Wöhler curve)

Figure 31 - Schematic diagram of the different states of an installation (ASME)

Figure 32 - Consideration of the earthquake when calculating the use factor according to the RCC-M code

Figure 35 - Plant geometry

Figure 36 - Spectra for Building A (LV &#61; 1) and Building B (LV &#61; 2)

Figure 38 - Construction of test parameter coefficients diagram