1. In the enterprise: towards multi-device and the cloud

The first computerized traceability systems were hosted and implemented on internal, company-specific tools. Most of the time, these programs were "closed" and accessible only from within the company or from some of its partners: customers or suppliers.

For example, the use of EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) systems between agri-food producers and their distributor customers is now commonplace and standardized (for example, the Edifact standard – ).

Similarly, data acquisition and editing used to be carried out using specific, dedicated tools (barcode scanners, printers...) and software interfaces, often proprietary, to "port" the program to the terminals. Today, we increasingly use connected peripherals on which we "emulate" all or part of the traceability software.

So we can see that with these developments (which...