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At a time of new societal and environmental challenges, regulations are multiplying and forcing the hand of companies of all sizes: traceability is no longer optional. It is necessary to collect and process an increasing amount of data, often coming from external sources that are not always reliable. From a system of declared allegations, we are progressing towards the need to prove the origin and quality of data. Known for its characteristics of transparency, decentralization and immutability, blockchain seems to be ideally suited to the theme of traceability. However Its usage constraints should be known, which until now have slowed down its adoption.
In the legal field, traceability and individual freedoms are often regarded as enemies. Leaving and/or keeping traces, especially in the digital world, is considered detrimental to or even destructive of individual freedoms. Yet, traceability is more of a friend than a foe: traceability of medicines is primarily intended to recall a defective batch, CCTVS are notably used to ensure public security, food traceability is designed to guarantee healthy products to customers. Still, more often than not, traceability and individual freedoms do not always mix well and a fair balance should be struck between two legitimate needs: the need to meet traceability requirements and the need to guarantee the respect for individual freedoms.
As a typical response to regulatory or commercial requirements, traceability has become a vector for improving performance in a digital transformation context. The new Industry 4.0 technologies are based on leveraging data collected and historized by industrial traceability.Will the 2020 health crisis stop or accelerate this transformation? How to monitor operations or assist shifts in home-working ? Does the digital twin allow to operate the factory in "automatic" or remotely operated mode.9 recommendations are described in this paper to help the companies rethinking the plant of tomorrow, secured, efficient and responsible.
This article discusses the traceability of agriculture and food products wich circulate on contracts chains, or food supply chains, bringing together a potentially large numbers of stakeholders and crossing several borders. Vital, however, they have the potential to carry health risks that governments perceive through the gradual development of a system in which traceability plays an important role. From an information transmission tool, traceability becomes a key element of health risk management in a supply chain marked by profound technological developments.
In recent years, middleware has emerged as a relevant and effective software tool for the integration of RFID technology for the automation of traceability, and more generally for the optimization of business processes with digital technologies. This paper presents RFID middleware in three sections: Technical, Standards and Application. First, a functional and technical description (definition, roles, architecture, features, etc.) explains the services rendered by RFID middleware. The standard architecture is then detailed, from RFID tags to business software. Use standards ensure interoperability and sustainability of RFID systems in preparing future developments for the Internet of Things. In application, an implementation study method is explained with examples from logistics.
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