9. How do you recover the value of secondary assets in the return chain?

A non-exhaustive list of the types of assets recovered on the secondary market (figure 4 ) is as follows:

1. Returns, bankruptcy, products past their use-by date, overstock, unsold products.

2. Returns, end of series, unsold items.

3. Second hand.

Rogers and Tibben-Lembke [1] confirm that the choice of the backward logistic network depends on two parameters:

• the choice of the value-added channel to which the secondary asset is redirected;

• the degree to which the secondary asset has been processed for reintegration into a value chain....