The range, symbol R or W, is the difference between the largest and smallest observed values of a variable:
R = maximum value – minimum value
The variance, symbol σ
2
or s
2
, is the sum of the squares of the deviations of the observed values from their mean, divided by a number equal to the number of observations minus one:
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You can easily identify them thanks to this pictogram:
Example: bending a flat sheet with a hole
