2. What
What are the fundamental characteristics of "complex systems"? Several characteristics can be considered. We'll look at two of them. The first relates to the characteristics of the elements of such a system, while the second concerns the overall characteristics of the system.
2.1 Component features
For a system in general, these correspond to its intrinsic characteristics, i.e. its composition in the broadest sense.
the molecules of a gas or liquid are usually relatively simple in structure, and also have simple interactions with one another. These behaviors fall into a small number of variants (attraction or repulsion by electromagnetic and/or mechanical interactions such as shocks)....
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