1. Why

Why should engineers today be interested in the notion of "complex systems"? Today, for many systems, the knowledge we manage to gain about each of the elements taken independently of the others no longer enables us to predict the behavior of the whole, i.e. the system. In other words, these systems have become increasingly complex, according to a certain definition of complexity.

In this case, analytical approaches in particular fail to provide sufficient insight into their operation. As we'll see in 7