2. Business planning

2.1 Planning approaches

Planning aims to program outlets and resources, to forecast performance and to anticipate the company's value over the foreseeable duration (predictability horizon) of its sustainable competitive advantages.

Approaches to corporate planning have been renewed since the end of the "thirty glorious years" (1973). Mintzberg distinguishes the following "schools of planning":

• trend (known as "Club of Rome"): extrapolation into the future of past trends in a certain universe) ;

• scenarios: alternative projections under certain assumptions in an uncertain universe;

• Integrative: coordination of planning, programming, budgeting and...