5. Conclusion

The AGEC Act, with its ambitious objectives, paved the way in France and enabled remarkable progress and innovations, anticipating the PPWR, which may seem less restrictive in certain respects.

The regulatory framework, with its planning requirements and incentives for collective action (by industry or sector), is conducive to accelerating and rolling out R&D projects. The overview described in this article, which is general in nature and intended for educational purposes, highlights the complexity of implementing the 3Rs: beyond the technical challenges and functional requirements for packaging, solutions must be able to integrate into value chains and meet consumer needs in order to achieve a real scale-up. While there is still much to be done and innovation is an ongoing process, the initial results are inspiring.

All of these innovations...