4. Theoretical models
Alongside the experimental work presented above, theoretical studies have been developed in an attempt to describe and predict RTD as a function of system geometry and operating conditions. The various models that can be found in the bibliography are based on different approaches: models derived from continuum mechanics, chemical engineering, statistical models and mixed models.
4.1 Continuum mechanics approaches
Once the velocity field is known, the trajectories of the fluid particles and the time spent along these trajectories can be calculated, leading to the residence time distribution.
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