3. What is the structure of a neuron?
A neuron (or nerve cell) is made up of three parts: a cell body, an axon and dendrites. The axon and dendrites form the nerve fiber.
3.1 Cell body
The cell body is a nucleus surrounded by a cytoplasm containing mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (Nissl body), whose membrane surface is covered with ribosomes, and free ribosomes. Ribosomes synthesize the proteins required for nerve renewal. Bundles of intermediate filaments (neurofibrils) provide the cell's framework (cytoskeleton). Microtubules transport materials between the cell body and the axon.
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A. Lombard et al (2024), part 2 pp 153-281, Techno-economic evaluation of products at the initial stage of development, ISTE éditions Ltd London.
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