8. Shipping bulk goods

8.1 Fill margins

Once the container has been selected from those listed using the codes in Table A of Chapter 3.2, the ADR specifies maximum filling levels that must be observed. The maximum filling level of a container is determined based on the product being transported and is calculated to mitigate the risk of overflow, overpressure, or bursting of the container due to the expansion or volumetric dilation of gases or liquids resulting from an abnormal rise in temperature. These filling margins are more commonly referred to by professionals as "road hollows" in the case of liquids at atmospheric pressure, or "gas space" in the case of gases or liquefied gases.

The filling rate must not exceed the limits specified in Part 4 of the ADR. As a guide, these...