7. Conclusion

Since 1950, thanks in large part to genetics, there have been real increases in productivity, easier sowing and harvesting, adaptation to new latitudes or sheltered growing conditions, improved quality of fodder, oils, cereals, fruit and vegetables, and resistance to fungal diseases.

Transgenesis is part of the continuum of plant improvement methods: the revolution represented by the discovery of the sexual reproduction of plants and its modalities has been followed by the discovery that genes can also be transmitted outside this sexual reproduction, opening up new perspectives for "improving the plant machine". Every year, the profits generated by GM crops amount to billions of dollars, divided between the biotech and seed industries, farmers (profitability gains) and consumers (prices). This distribution favors the biotech sector in industrialized countries and...