1. Presentation of numerical simulation software

A numerical simulation model of the modular structure has been developed in Delphi. The other computer environments already mentioned can also be used to develop the equations and processes presented. Each module corresponds to an operating phase. The modular structure enables each phase to be studied at a desired level of mechanical behavior. This level can be modified to suit local conditions. In each module, integration loops calculate the variation in parameters describing the operation of the parts. The main modules and iteration loops are shown in figure 1 .

The main parameters are either the axial velocity or the axial force applied to the actuator. During a simulation, either one or the other is imposed,...