4. Conclusion

Cutting fluids are an essential part of machining processes. They perform key functions –, cooling, lubrication, chip removal, and protection of parts and tools –, which determine the quality of machined surfaces, tool life, and workshop productivity. Beyond their technical role, they directly influence industrial competitiveness by representing both a performance lever and a significant source of costs (up to 10% of the production cost of a part).

Despite their benefits, cutting fluids pose several challenges. Their management generates additional costs related to storage, filtration, recycling, and waste treatment. They can also have negative impacts on the environment (chip pollution, high annual consumption) and on the health of operators (respiratory problems, skin irritation). These constraints require regular monitoring (concentration, pH, contamination)...