3. Becoming after oral administration
3.1 Physiology reminders for the oral route
3.1.1 From the mouth to the stomach
After oral administration, nanomedicines will encounter the oral mucosa and tongue, where they can theoretically be absorbed and pass directly into the bloodstream. They will then pass through the esophagus and arrive in the stomach, which is a fairly aggressive environment for these formulations due to its high acidity (pH between 1.5 and 5 depending on the time of day and concomitant food intake).
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Becoming after oral administration
Becoming after cutaneous administration
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