3. Emerging sectors: from components to architecture

In parallel with MOS technology, original approaches are being developed to design components with new functionalities. Two main avenues can be distinguished: the first explores the effects of multiple electron localization and how they can be exploited, while remaining within the framework of conventional semiconductor devices; the second exploits other electron properties, such as spin, or other types of materials such as carbon nanotubes or more or less complex molecules. We'll see how these devices can lead to the emergence of new circuit architectures.