Extension - using the passive scalar Z

Laminar diffusion flame

Figure 1 - Premixed flame and diffusion flame

Figure 2 - Various practical combustion systems classified according to the type of reactant introduction (premix or not) and the laminar or turbulent nature of the flow.

Figure 3 - Geometry of a laminar diffusion flame obtained by injecting a fuel jet into a quiescent oxidizing atmosphere

Figure 4 - Combustion of a drop of fuel in an oxidizing atmosphere

Figure 5 - Slick fires

Figure 6 - Solid fuel in an oxidizing atmosphere

Figure 7 - Structure of a jet flame reaction zone (figure )

Figure 8 - Burke and Schumann flame geometry

Figure 9 - Mass fractions of fuel YF, oxidizer YO and combustion products YP as a function of passive scalar ZF &#61; YF– YO/s for infinitely fast chemistry

Figure 10 - Profiles of passive scalar ZF, mass fractions of fuel YF and oxidizer YO and temperature T in the Burke-Schumann flame

Figure 11 - Reduced mass fractions of fuel YF / and oxidizer YO / as a function of passive scalar Z in the case of an inert mixture

Figure 12 - Reduced mass fractions of fuel YF / and oxidizer YO / and temperature as a function of passive scalar Z in the case of infinitely fast chemical kinetics (Burke and Schumann solution).

Figure 13 - Reduced mass fractions of fuel YF / oxidizer YO / and temperature as a function of passive scalar Z. Shape of the solution in the general case (deviation from Burke and Schumann solution)

Figure 14 - Evolution range of fuel mass fraction YF as a function of mixture fraction Z

Figure 15 - Flat flame of laminar diffusion stretched against the current

Figure 17 - Absolute value of the reaction rate of a laminar flame stretched against the current as a function of stretching s or scalar dissipation at the flame front f

Figure 18 - Response of a counter-current stretched laminar diffusion flame to an instantaneous stretching perturbation

Figure 19 - Stabilization of a diffusion flame by self-ignition

Figure 20 - Stabilization of a diffusion flame by the burner lip if it remains sufficiently hot

Figure 21 - Triple flame&#34; stabilization of a diffusion flame detached from the burner lips

Figure 22 - Stabilized diffusion flame downstream of a recirculation zone

Figure 23 - Stabilizing a diffusion flame with a pilot flame