9. Future prospects

The energy transition faces major challenges that need to be overcome if we are to achieve our objectives.

These difficulties are linked first and foremost to the need to meet the inexorable growth in energy demand worldwide, driven by demographic change and rising living standards. Energy consumption will continue to rise sharply in emerging countries, today mainly in Asia and tomorrow in Africa.

Moreover, as the production capacity of renewable energies, such as solar and wind power, cannot be controlled, their implementation requires either the maintenance of a significant proportion of fossil fuels in the energy mix, or the use of renewable energies. back-up, i.e. the massive deployment of storage facilities, the development of which is hampered by heavy investment costs (site development and transmission lines) and...