2. Heat transfer in furnaces
The purpose of a furnace is to transfer energy to a load (product) to raise its temperature. This transfer takes place via the three heat transfer modes (radiation, convection, conduction), mostly simultaneously, but in highly variable proportions.
2.1 High-temperature furnaces
These are furnaces used in the steel, glass and cement industries. The temperature required for the product is sometimes well in excess of 1,200 ×C.
This is also the case for a number of furnaces in the petroleum and chemical industries, where, although the product temperature is below 500 ×C, a significant proportion of the heat is supplied directly by flame radiation in a radiation zone. Heat transfer is essentially by radiation from the flame and combustion...
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Heat transfer in furnaces
Thermal calculation of furnaces
