2. Reversible heat pump; heat pump

The principles of a heat pump are described in the article [BE 9 791] . As a reminder, a heat pump is a thermodynamic system that extracts heat from a cold source and transfers it to a hot source. To do this, a refrigerant (or working fluid) circulates in a closed loop through several components, including two heat exchangers: an evaporator and a condenser. At the evaporator, the refrigerant extracts heat from the outside environment, allowing it to change from a liquid to a vapor state. This lowers the temperature of the external environment. Conversely, at the condenser,...