2. Converting electrical energy into mechanical energy
Among the electrical devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, motors and loudspeakers consume the world's highest annual tonnages of permanent magnets. Among the most widespread electric motors, DC motors and synchronous motors use permanent magnets.
2.1 DC motors
These motors are powered by DC voltages. They have the advantage of being very easy to control at variable speeds, and are found in most servomotors used for low-power operation (less than 5 kW).
DC motors comprise an armature and a field. While the armature is generally made up of copper windings, the inductor can be made either with copper windings (Figure 5 ), or with permanent...
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Converting electrical energy into mechanical energy
Converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
Economic data
1. Worldwide production
The permanent magnet market was estimated at US$4.4 billion in 1998, over US$5 billion in 2000 and US$8 billion in 2007. It should continue to grow, reaching US$11 billion in 2010.
With their modest magnetic performance but low cost, ferrites remain the magnet family that dominates the world market, both in terms of tonnage (90%) and sales (around half of the global...
Bibliography
References
Standardization
Association française de normalisation AFNOR
- Magnetic materials – Method for measuring the coercive field of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit (classification index: C28-921). - NF EN 10330 - (08-03)
- Magnetic materials – Materials for permanent magnets (magnetically hard) – Methods for measuring magnetic...
International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
- Magnetic materials – Part 1: Classification. - CEI 60404-1 - (08-00)
- Matériaux magnétiques. Septième partie : méthode de mesure du champ coercitif des matériaux magnétiques en circuit magnétique ouvert. - CEI 60404-7 - (01-82)
- Modification 1 à la publication CEI 60404-8-1 d'avril 2001....
Laboratoires
Groupe d'Étude de la Matière Condensé GEMaC – Laboratoire de Magnétisme et d'Optique de Versailles LMOV http://www.gemac.uvsq.fr/
Materials Physics Group GPM http://www.univ-rouen.fr/gpm/index_francais.htm
Grenoble...
Magnet manufacturers
(Non-exhaustive list of the world's leading magnet manufacturers)
DMEGC: ferrite http://www.chinadmegc.com/chinadmegc/english/web/index.asp
Electron Energie Corporation (EEC) : Sm-Co http://www.electronenergy.com/
...
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