Appendix – Suppliers

For automotive applications, fuel cells and associated systems are now generally developed in-house by the automakers themselves. In order to share the costs of developing these systems, some automakers joined forces in 2013/2014. The main alliances are GM/Honda, Daimler/Ford/Nissan/Renault, and Toyota/BMW.

The situation is different for other mobile applications, such as forklift trucks, buses and construction machinery. For these applications, several battery and system suppliers offer their products, including Ballard, Plug Power/Hypulsion, Hydrogenics, Nuvera and SymbioFcell. The latter also offers a fuel cell version of the Renault Kangoo ZE. The websites of these suppliers are given in the dedicated section of the To find out more.

The carmakers most active and advanced in the field of fuel cell vehicles are Daimler, General Motors,...