5. Initialization

The steady-state solution yields the phasors of all network state variables in the form $\tilde{X}=X_{\text{m}}\overline{)\theta }$ , which corresponds to x(t) = X _m cos (ωt + θ ) with ω = 2πf (f is the fundamental frequency). The solution at time t = 0 therefore corresponds to the real part of the phasors. Knowing the solution of the state variables at time t = 0, it is possible to correctly initialize the network equations in the time domain to calculate the waveforms equivalent to the phasors. In the case of models with delays, such as propagation delays on transmission lines, the buffer is also built by applying the voltage and current phasors...