7. Challenges for the coming decades, for technology and business enthusiasts

In the preceding pages, we have outlined how the theme of international interconnection management has proved to be a field rich in challenges and issues over the last twenty years. Does this mean that this exciting period is over? Of course not: the energy transition to a low-carbon Europe is a major, multi-faceted challenge. These orientations are embodied in the European Green Deal strategy. The main sources of low-cost renewable energy in Europe are wind turbines and photovoltaic panels. They produce electricity that is variable, uncertain, non-controllable and at low or zero marginal cost. The impacts on the power system are numerous, creating new challenges for interconnection management. We propose to conclude this overview by outlining, without being exhaustive, some of the challenges that remain to be met over the next two decades.

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