4. Conclusion

The behavior of VSC converter stations is based on highly flexible control systems that are constantly evolving. This flexibility creates challenges, particularly in terms of complex interactions with the electrical system and other connected devices. The difficulty is compounded by the complexity of the control system and the fact that part of it remains inaccessible to users for confidentiality reasons. The study and analysis of incidents in a network incorporating HVDC-VSC links therefore requires advanced expertise and powerful simulation tools.