Voltage Source Converter Stations for Direct Current Power Transmission. Study, Modelling, and Typical Behaviour
Article REF: D4766 V1

Voltage Source Converter Stations for Direct Current Power Transmission. Study, Modelling, and Typical Behaviour

Authors : Pierre RAULT, Sébastien DENNETIÈRE, Hani SAAD, Anton STEPANOV

Publication date: December 10, 2025 | Lire en français

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Overview

ABSTRACT

This set of three articles focuses on high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link converter stations using voltage source converters (VSC). It is structured into three successive parts: the first presents the general principles, the second addresses control and protection strategies, and the final one covers associated models and studies. This third article first presents an overview of studies and converter models used during the lifecycle of HVDC links and then discusses the operating limits of the HVDC systems based on physical limits of the equipment, followed by an analysis of dynamic and transient behaviour through representative scenarios.

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AUTHORS

  • Pierre RAULT: Engineer - RTE, France

  • Sébastien DENNETIÈRE: Engineer - RTE, France

  • Hani SAAD: Engineer - ACDC Transient, France

  • Anton STEPANOV: Engineer - PGSTech, Canada

 INTRODUCTION

This article is the third and final part of the series "Voltage source conversion stations for the transmission of direct current electrical energy." The first article [D 4 764] presents general information on VSC-type conversion stations, while the second [D 4 765] focuses on the control and protection principles of modular multilevel converters (MMC). It is recommended that you read the first two parts in order to better understand the content of this one. This final article addresses the electrical engineering studies associated with the integration of HVDC-VSC stations. It first provides an overview of the studies and models used for both the design of the station and its integration into the transmission grid, and then illustrates, through several examples, the steady-state, dynamic, and transient behaviors typical of these installations.

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KEYWORDS

high voltage direct current   |   voltage source converter   |   electricity transmission   |   voltage source converter modelling

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Voltage source conversion stations for the transmission of electrical energy in direct current

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