Voltage Source Converter Stations for Direct Current Power Transmission. Control System and Protection
Article REF: D4765 V1

Voltage Source Converter Stations for Direct Current Power Transmission. Control System and Protection

Authors : Pierre Rault, Sébastien Dennetière, Hani Saad, Anton Stepanov

Publication date: December 10, 2025 | Lire en français

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Overview

ABSTRACT

This set of three articles focuses on high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link converter stations using voltage source converters (VSC). It is structured into three successive parts: the first presents the general principles, the second addresses control and protection strategies, and the final one covers associated models and studies. This second article specifically deals with the control and protection systems of converter stations for HVDC links using voltage source converters. The basic control principles of this type of converter are described with theoretical justification. Then, the different control layers are presented. Finally, an overview of the protection strategies for these converters is provided in the last section.

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AUTHORS

  • Pierre Rault: Engineer - RTE, France

  • Sébastien Dennetière: Engineer - RTE, France

  • Hani Saad: Engineer - ACDC Transient, France

  • Anton Stepanov: Engineer - PGSTech, Canada

 INTRODUCTION

This article is the second part of the series "Voltage source converter stations for DC power transmission." It follows on from the first article [D 4 764] , which presents the general principles and components of HVDC-VSC stations. This second article focuses on the control and protection principles of modular multilevel converter (MMC) stations. It describes the control structures commonly used, the associated regulation mechanisms, and the protection devices specific to this type of architecture. These concepts are essential for understanding the dynamic behavior of the station, which will be illustrated in the third article [D 4 766] through electrotechnical studies and simulations.

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KEYWORDS

high voltage direct current   |   voltage source converter   |   electricity transmission   |   control and protection

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Voltage source conversion stations for the transmission of electrical energy in direct current

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