Article | REF: E320 V2

Low frequency voltage amplifier with low input amplitudes

Authors: Farouk VALLETTE, Geoffroy KLISNICK, Sylvain FERUGLIO

Publication date: November 10, 2025 | Lire en français

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1. General concepts

Mathematically, amplification corresponds to a multiplication operation. Ideally, it is simply the product of an original signal and a constant, resulting in a new signal with greater amplitude and sometimes of a different nature (current-to-voltage conversion, for example).

1.1 Voltage amplifier

Voltage amplification is a fundamental function in electronics. Whether from a sensor (which converts a physical quantity into an electrical quantity) or a receiver, information – received and converted into an electrical quantity – is often too weak in amplitude to be processed further. Amplification is therefore necessary.

Voltage is generally the electrical quantity that carries information, which is why most amplifiers in electronics are...

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Operational amplifier

Bibliography

(1) - LATORRE (B.), BERLAND (C.), DE DIEULEVEULT (F.), DELABIE (C.), FRANÇAIS (O.), POULICHET (P.) - Électronique analogique. - Dunod (2018).
(2) - REDON (M.) - Cours d'électronique analogique. - Maîtrise EEA UPMC (2001).
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Standards and norms

There are numerous norms and standards in this field. They are linked to international organizations, including:

IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission): international standardization organization in the fields of electricity, electronics, electromagnetic compatibility, and micro- and nanotechnologies. This organization defines, in particular, the characteristics...

Regulations

Regulations concerning voltage boosters depend on their use, power, operating environment (professional, medical, domestic, etc.), and their potential impact on safety and communications. Here is an overview of the main laws, decrees, and standards applicable in France and Europe:

general framework in Europe, CE marking: all electrical and electronic equipment, including voltage...

Patents

As current needs are mainly focused on autonomous embedded systems, for example for AI (Artificial Intelligence), recent patents on voltage amplifiers concentrate on miniaturization (SoC – ), reduced power consumption, low-noise and wide-bandwidth amplification, as well as PVT compensation techniques (Process, Voltage, Temperature) and automatic calibration techniques.

Here are some examples of patents...