Article | REF: E320 V2

Low frequency voltage amplifier with low input amplitudes

Authors: Farouk VALLETTE, Geoffroy KLISNICK, Sylvain FERUGLIO

Publication date: November 10, 2025 | Lire en français

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8. Glossary

OP Amp (Operational Amplifier)

A complex electronic component consisting of transistors, resistors, and other components, representing an essential element in the construction of amplifiers.

LF (Low Frequency)

Low frequency, rendering the effect of certain real and parasitic elements present in an electronic circuit negligible, typically capacitances (in contrast, we have HF – ).

SPP (Spectral Power Density)

Energy distribution of a signal as a function of frequency.

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Acronyms, notations, and symbols

Bibliography

(1) - LATORRE (B.), BERLAND (C.), DE DIEULEVEULT (F.), DELABIE (C.), FRANÇAIS (O.), POULICHET (P.) - Électronique analogique. - Dunod (2018).
(2) - REDON (M.) - Cours d'électronique analogique. - Maîtrise EEA UPMC (2001).
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Standards and norms

There are numerous norms and standards in this field. They are linked to international organizations, including:

IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission): international standardization organization in the fields of electricity, electronics, electromagnetic compatibility, and micro- and nanotechnologies. This organization defines, in particular, the characteristics...

Regulations

Regulations concerning voltage boosters depend on their use, power, operating environment (professional, medical, domestic, etc.), and their potential impact on safety and communications. Here is an overview of the main laws, decrees, and standards applicable in France and Europe:

general framework in Europe, CE marking: all electrical and electronic equipment, including voltage...

Patents

As current needs are mainly focused on autonomous embedded systems, for example for AI (Artificial Intelligence), recent patents on voltage amplifiers concentrate on miniaturization (SoC – ), reduced power consumption, low-noise and wide-bandwidth amplification, as well as PVT compensation techniques (Process, Voltage, Temperature) and automatic calibration techniques.

Here are some examples of patents...