1. Positioning the problem

Most electronic signals come from sensors of all kinds integrated into electronic systems. The purpose of these electronic systems is to condition the signals from the sensors and process them to present usable information to the user.

Upstream of the chain, signals are predominantly analog (amplitude, frequency), while downstream they are digital (amplitude, clock frequency, rise time, fall time).

Analog signals are characterized by their amplitude and frequency. The various disturbances to which the signals are subjected have a major impact on analog functions, as they directly process amplitudes, frequencies and sometimes phases.

Furthermore, an important part of the analog functions found on boards is linked to the power supply and polarization of components. These are the potential references that enable components...