1. Why do we need a new generation of cellular networks?

After a number of unsuccessful systems had been launched on the market, wireless phones of the so-called cellular type came into widespread use in the early 1990s. At that time, mobile telephony was based on the second generation of mobile networks: the GSM system. GSM is so widespread that in some countries it is synonymous with cordless telephony. Around the same time, services based on the Internet, the network of networks, also experienced considerable development: email, web consultation, downloads, etc. Internet use with wireless terminals, using post-GSM technologies, really began at the end of the first decade of the 2000s. Today, wireless cell phones and the Internet, often used together, have become indispensable and sometimes even vital for the vast majority of people.

• While current technologies more or less meet today's needs,...