Panorama of digital media

Overview

ABSTRACT

This article describes the digital “compressed” format into which are converted sounds and pictures, after the first step of digitization generating their “digital native format”, representing the results of the measurements of sounds or pictures. The objective of the digital compression process is to reduce the number of binary digits in this native format. This reduction is based on the analysis of redundant information perceived by our senses. However, when badly adjusted, this process can generate artefacts in the reproduced sounds or pictures. This article describes basic principles, tools used, and the parameters to take into account for each medium.

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AUTHOR

Jean-Noël GOUYET: Digital Media Engineering and Management - Former head of research at the Institut national de l'audiovisuel (Ina)

INTRODUCTION

Professionals and private individuals alike have to produce, manipulate, store, manage, exchange, broadcast and distribute digital media "encoded" in various formats, called "essence" formats, and encapsulated in extremely numerous and varied storage and transport "container formats".

This "Panorama of digital media" dossier, comprising six articles, aims to provide a definition, description of the characteristics, mapping and classification of these different digital media formats.

The first article [TE 5 364] details the parameters of the "digital native format", which is the result of a discontinuous, coded measurement of the amplitude of continuous, proportional analog quantities generated by sound or image recording equipment.

This second article [TE 5 366] presents an overview of digital, audio, still image and video compression formats that reduce the amount of data in native formats, making them easier to store and distribute.

The third article [TE 5 368] introduces the characteristics of container formats for encapsulating audio, still images or video, either in native format or in compression format.

The fourth article [TE 5 369] describes container formats dedicated to media storage, in particular around fifty file formats, among the most widely used in the media and audiovisual world, as well as some recording formats on optical or magnetic media.

The fifth article [TE 5 370] describes container-formats dedicated to different modes of digital media transport, as well as meta-container-formats....

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KEYWORDS

Redundancy | digital media | compression format

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Panorama of digital media

"Digital "compression

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Bibliography

Principles

(1) - GOUYET (J.-N.) - Systèmes audio et vidéo numériques. - Codage de source – Réduction de débit, Chap. 10, Institut national de l'audiovisuel, Techniques et production audiovisuelles, Paris, ISBN 2-86938-030-5 (1993).