4. Propagation losses (TL)
4.1 Notion of convergence zone (ZC)
Zones of convergence (ZC) (figure 5 ) occur when the emitter is close to the surface (HMS) and the rays plunge towards the bottom due to a negative celerity gradient (figure 14 ). If the water level is high enough, these rays will be refracted and rise towards the surface, concentrating in a small ring.
A bathycelerimetric profile conducive to this type of acoustic field is the so-called "November",...
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Propagation losses (TL)
Reflective index (TS)
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Asset versus liability references (section 1)
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