4. Propagation losses (TL)
4.1 Notion of convergence zone (ZC)
Zones of convergence (ZC) (figure 5 ) occur when the emitter is close to the surface (HMS) and the rays plunge towards the bottom due to a negative celerity gradient (figure 14 ). If the water level is high enough, these rays will be refracted and rise towards the surface, concentrating in a small ring.
A bathycelerimetric profile conducive to this type of acoustic field is the so-called "November",...
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Propagation losses (TL)
Reflective index (TS)
Bibliography
Asset versus liability references (section 1)
Software tools
COMSOL Multiphysics ® Universal platform for physics simulation : https://www.comsol.fr/comsol-multiphysics
Websites
Discovery Sound In The Sea, a site linked to the University of Rhode Island, near the large NUWC Newport laboratory (Naval Undersea Warfare Center): http://www.dosits.org/
Site listing Russian submarines and their news: http://www.soumarsov.eu/
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