1. Positioning neural networks

Since the early 2000s, artificial intelligence applications have become increasingly important. For machine learning, neural networks have seen the development of significant hardware and software support. Figure 1 shows the position of neural networks in the more general field of artificial intelligence. The aim of this article is not to detail all the concepts, but to present the evolution of hardware support for deep neural networks. We will only present the basic principles of these neural networks, in order to understand the hardware requirements in terms of architectures.