4. Deep neural networks

A major advance in AI since 2010 has occurred in the field of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and associated learning algorithms [H 1 098] . As early as 2006, acoustic speech recognition models had already been significantly improved thanks to deep neural models. Since then, DNNs have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide variety of fields: games, text processing, computer vision, diagnostics, robotics, banking, etc. As we have seen, a neural network is a classifier capable of learning decision functions. Overall, a neural network is capable of learning a mapping between its inputs and...